Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetector (QDIP) is one of the promising candidates for infrared photodetection due to its controllable heterojunction bandgap and sensitivity to normal incident radiation. It is expected to be superior to infrared photodetectors of mature technologies such as Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) or a quantum well infrared photodetector. In the presented paper, we have developed a theoretical model for the dark current in truncated conical QDIP as the truncated conical shaped QD structure is more appropriate to describe the fabricated dots. The dark current model is

Image enhancement is a vital process that serves as a tool for improving the quality of a lot of real-life applications. Fractional calculus can be utilized in enhancing images using fractional order kernels, adding more controllability to the system, due to the flexible choice of the fractional order parameter, which adds extra degrees of freedom. The proposed system merges two fractional order kernels which helps in image enhancement techniques, and the contribution of this work is based on the study of how to optimize this process. The optimization of the two fractional kernels was done

This paper aims to deliver an exhaustive investigation on the threshold energy parameter's direct impact on the Cluster Head (CH) selection phase in Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Based on K-Means (LEACH-K) protocols. The most prominent threshold energy selection criterion out of the scarcely available research on the LEACH-K threshold energy parameter is used to simulate the LEACH-K protocol. Simulations are carried out on scaled-up Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in terms of size and number of nodes. An analysis is performed on the life-cycle of the CH selection process, which

Retinal retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), an abnormal blood vessel formation, can occur in a baby who was born early or with a low birth weight. It is one of the primary causes of newborn blindness globally. Early detection of ROP is critical for slowing and stopping the progression of ROP-related vision impairment which leads to blindness. ROP is a relatively unknown condition, even among medical professionals. Due to this, the dataset for ROP is infrequently accessible and typically extremely unbalanced in terms of the ratio of negative to positive images and the ratio of each stage of it

Air quality assessment has been discussed for urban environments with a high degree of industrialization, as they are infested with hazardous chemicals and airborne pollutants. The assessment is carried out by monitoring stations, that basically support limited areas while leaving large geographical areas uncovered. The expansion in the agriculture sector directed us towards air quality assessment on the farms. This is because research has shown that crops can be injured when exposed to high concentrations of various air pollutants, while also affecting farmers' health states. But those air

Deep learning has become increasingly important in various fields, such as robotics, image processing, and speech recognition. However, the high computational requirements of deep learning models make it challenging to deploy them on edge & embedded devices with constrained power and area budgets. This paper proposes a novel low-power technique for implementing deep learning models on edge devices called LP-MAC (Low Power Multiply Accumulate). LP-MAC is designed for fixed-point format operations and takes advantage of reusing the input vector for MAC operations. It provides a new hardware

Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) is required for various applications, especially cryptography. PRNGs are employed in symmetric-key algorithms, where a single key is used as a seed to the PRNG to generate a sequence of random numbers that are employed to encrypt and decrypt certain data. This work proposes a PRN G system that employs the time series generated from the numerical solution of systems of chaotic-generators Differential Equations (DEs) utilizing three different DEs solvers; Euler, Runge-Kutta 4th order, and Runge-Kutta 5th order. Various systems were solved using each of the

Coupled line microstrip filter is regarded to be a strong contender for high frequency and wireless applications, due to its compact size, inexpensive cost, and simple engineering manufacturing. The stochastic study of the proposed microstrip filter, based on the Monte Carlo Model, presented in this paper explores the uncertainties in the microstrip filter's design parameters and their influence on the filter's functionality. The filter's microstrip thickness, lengths, and spacing are all considered as design factors. The analysis investigates the variation of the standard deviations, the mean

This paper demonstrates some fundamentals concerning the study of the Fractional order Transmission Line (FTL) operation. A numerical algorithm applied to study the transient analysis is shown describing the abnormal diffusion that appears in the operation of the TL. According to the steady state analysis of the FTL operation, the superior advantages over the conventional domain of imposing the fractional parameters are shown in this work. Moreover, all the conventional formulas are retrieved from the corresponding fractional ones by setting all fractional derivatives to unity. © 2014 IEEE.

In the last decade, Elliptic Curves (ECs) have shown their efficacy as a safe fundamental component in encryption systems, mainly when used in Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG) design. This paper proposes a framework for designing EC-based PRNG and maps recent PRNG design techniques into the framework, classifying them as iterative and non-iterative. Furthermore, a PRNG is designed based on the framework and verified using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical test suite. The PRNG is then utilized in an image encryption system where statistical measures