This paper aims to deliver an exhaustive investigation on the threshold energy parameter's direct impact on the Cluster Head (CH) selection phase in Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Based on K-Means (LEACH-K) protocols. The most prominent threshold energy selection criterion out of the scarcely available research on the LEACH-K threshold energy parameter is used to simulate the LEACH-K protocol. Simulations are carried out on scaled-up Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in terms of size and number of nodes. An analysis is performed on the life-cycle of the CH selection process, which

Retinal retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), an abnormal blood vessel formation, can occur in a baby who was born early or with a low birth weight. It is one of the primary causes of newborn blindness globally. Early detection of ROP is critical for slowing and stopping the progression of ROP-related vision impairment which leads to blindness. ROP is a relatively unknown condition, even among medical professionals. Due to this, the dataset for ROP is infrequently accessible and typically extremely unbalanced in terms of the ratio of negative to positive images and the ratio of each stage of it

Air quality assessment has been discussed for urban environments with a high degree of industrialization, as they are infested with hazardous chemicals and airborne pollutants. The assessment is carried out by monitoring stations, that basically support limited areas while leaving large geographical areas uncovered. The expansion in the agriculture sector directed us towards air quality assessment on the farms. This is because research has shown that crops can be injured when exposed to high concentrations of various air pollutants, while also affecting farmers' health states. But those air

This paper presents a high-efficiency bow-tie antenna for ambient RF energy harvesting at the 2.4 GHz band. Moreover, a rectifier circuit that converts the AC into DC is proposed. The antenna is fed via a CPW transmission line where a quarter wavelength transformer is inserted to match the slot bow-tie with the 50-ohm transmission line. The structure is simulated using CST software, and results are validated using HFSS. The antenna's directivity, efficiency, and bandwidth are 6.63 dBi, 89.9 %, and 0.946 GHz respectively, as simulated using CST. The antenna is fabricated on a single-layer

Deep learning has become increasingly important in various fields, such as robotics, image processing, and speech recognition. However, the high computational requirements of deep learning models make it challenging to deploy them on edge & embedded devices with constrained power and area budgets. This paper proposes a novel low-power technique for implementing deep learning models on edge devices called LP-MAC (Low Power Multiply Accumulate). LP-MAC is designed for fixed-point format operations and takes advantage of reusing the input vector for MAC operations. It provides a new hardware

Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) is required for various applications, especially cryptography. PRNGs are employed in symmetric-key algorithms, where a single key is used as a seed to the PRNG to generate a sequence of random numbers that are employed to encrypt and decrypt certain data. This work proposes a PRN G system that employs the time series generated from the numerical solution of systems of chaotic-generators Differential Equations (DEs) utilizing three different DEs solvers; Euler, Runge-Kutta 4th order, and Runge-Kutta 5th order. Various systems were solved using each of the

This paper proposes a reliable wireless configuration bits programmer for remotely resetting incorrectly-written Microchip AVR microcontrollers' Fuses and Lock Bits. The incorrect configuration bits programming leads critically to a micro-controller malfunction which requires correct reprogramming. The proposed programmer utilizes Wi-Fi for enabling the remote configuration bits programming via a PC or a smart mobile device. It employs the Microchip AVR High Voltage Parallel and Serial Programming protocols which uniquely support the configuration bits programming feature. The configuration

Coupled line microstrip filter is regarded to be a strong contender for high frequency and wireless applications, due to its compact size, inexpensive cost, and simple engineering manufacturing. The stochastic study of the proposed microstrip filter, based on the Monte Carlo Model, presented in this paper explores the uncertainties in the microstrip filter's design parameters and their influence on the filter's functionality. The filter's microstrip thickness, lengths, and spacing are all considered as design factors. The analysis investigates the variation of the standard deviations, the mean

Lithium-ion batteries are crucial building stones in many applications. Therefore, modeling their behavior has become necessary in numerous fields, including heavyweight ones such as electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, as well as lightweight ones like sensors and actuators. Generic models are in great demand for modeling the current change over time in real-time applications. This paper proposes seven dynamic models to simulate the behavior of lithium-ion batteries discharging. This was achieved using NASA room temperature random walk discharging datasets. The efficacy of

Shortest Path Algorithms are an important set of algorithms in today's world. It has many applications like Traffic Consultation, Route Finding, and Network Design. It is essential for these applications to be fast and efficient as they mostly require real-Time execution. Sequential execution of shortest path algorithms for large graphs with many nodes is time-consuming. On the other hand, parallel execution can make these applications faster. In this paper, three popular shortest path algorithms-Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, and Floyd Warshall-Are both implemented as serial and parallel programs